Cheat Sheet · Quick Reference
Java class extending HttpServlet. Runs in Web Container (Tomcat). Lifecycle: init() → service() → destroy()
HTML with embedded Java (<% %>). Compiled to Servlet behind the scenes. Led to spaghetti code → MVC pattern.
Session Beans (Stateless/Stateful/Singleton), Message-Driven (JMS), Entity Beans (→ JPA). Required heavy app servers (WebSphere, WebLogic).
POJOs + IoC + DI. No heavy server needed. Replaced XML config with annotations. Eliminated EJB bloat.
Wrapper over Spring. Kills boilerplate. Embedded Tomcat. Eager bean creation (all singletons at startup).
Web server. Fast for static files, SSL termination, reverse proxy. Sits in front.
App server. Executes Java, talks to DB, generates responses. Slower for static content.
Nginx → static files instantly. Dynamic req → Nginx proxies to Tomcat (internal network) → Tomcat → Nginx → User.